- APU: Little engine on the tail. Provides electricity and bleed air (for packs, ENG start).
- ELEC: Uses BATT, GPU, and APU/ENG generators.
- HYD: 3 pumps (YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE). Uses electricity. Used for flight surfaces, LDG gear, brakes.
- PNEUMATIC: Uses bleed air (from engines/APU/ground unit). Used for ENG start, packs, anti-ice, presurization.
- A/C & PRESURIZATION: Uses hot bleed air from engines (or ground unit). Packs cool it for cabin temp. Outflow valve used for cabin pressure.
- RAT: Provides ELEC and HYD on emergencies.
Environmental Limits:
- MAX RWY ALT = 9200 ft
- MAX OPERATING ALT = 39100 ft
- MAX CROSSWIND = 38 kts (decreases with RWY COND: good to medium 29 kts, medium 25 kts, medium to poor 20 kts, poor 15 kts)
- Takeoff not recommended if some of the following are observed: wet ice, water on top of compacted snow, snow over ice
- MAX TAILWIND = 15 kts
- MAX WIND for Pax doors and Cargo doors = 65 kts and 40 kts respectively.
Maximum Operational Speed (VMO): 350 KIAS
Minimum Control Speed: 115 kts
(Minimum calibrated airspeed at which the aircraft can be controlled)
Max Flaps Speeds:
- FLAPS 1 = 230 kts
- FLAPS 1+F = 215 kts
- FLAPS 2 = 200 kts
- FLAPS 3 = 185 kts
- FLAPS FULL = 117 kts
- MAX ALT for slats/flaps = 20000 ft
Maximum Gear Speeds:
- Extended = 280 kts
- Extension and Retraction = 250 kts and 220 kts respectively
- MAX TYRE SPEED = 195 kts GS
- MAX TAXI SPEED = 20 kts (if TOW > 76000 kg)
Wipers and windows:
- MAX WIPER USAGE SPEED = 230 kts
- MAX COCKPIT WINDOW OPEN SPEED = 200 kts
About Pressurization, ventilation, conditioning:
- Do not exceed 20 minutes without AIR COND when passengers on board.
- Do not use HP Ground Unit at the same time with APU BLEED, nor ACU at the same time with Packs.
APU and Engines Limitations:
- MAX ALT for APU usage = 20000 ft (eng start and single pack), 15000 ft (dual pack), wing anti-ice from APU not permitted.
- If APU LOW OIL, it may still be used, but maintenance action is required within next 10 h of APU operation.
- MAX APU N = 105%
- MAX APU EGT = 1090ºC (start below 35000 ft), 1120ºC (start above 35000 ft), 675ºC (APU running)
- MAX ENG EGT = 950ºC for 5 mins on TOGA or FLEX (10 mins if 1 Eng Out), 915ºC for MCT, 725ºC for Eng Start
- MAX ENG N = 105% on N2, 104% on N1 (may be limited by ambient conditions or bleed config)
- MAX OIL TEMP = 140ºC, 155ºC for 15 mins transients
- MIN OIL TEMP = -40ºC for start, -10ºC for tkof
Temperature Limitations:
- JET A1 = between -43ºC and 54ºC
- Icing conditions expected if: TAT/OAT < 10ºC, or visible moisture (fog and clouds included)
Braking System Limitations:
- MAX BRAKES TEMP for TKOF = 300ºC (fans off)
Autopilot Limitations:
- MAX TAILWIND for AUTOLAND and ROLLOUT = 10 kt
- OEW / DOW: Operating Empty Weight / Dry Operating Weight = aircraft + equipment + crew.
- ZFW: Zero Fuel Weight = OEW + Payload (passengers, baggage, freight).
- ZFWCG: Zero Fuel Weight Center of Gravity = Center of gravity when aircraft fully loaded, except fuel. Appears as %MAC.
- GW: Gross Weight = Real time aircraft total mass.
BLOCK FUEL: Total fuel before pushback/engine start.
Includes = TAXI OUT + TRIP + contingency + ALTN + final reserve + any extra.
- TOW: Takeoff Weight = Weight at takeoff (OEW + payload + Takeoff fuel (TRIP+CONT+ALTN+FINRES+EXTRA))
- LW: Landing Weight = Weight at landing (OEW + payload + fuel at landing)
Push the knob towards the aircraft to give it control (managed).
- Managed CLB/DES: The autopilot will follow FMS Vertical Profile.
- Managed SPD/HDG: The autopilot will follow FMS Lateral Profile (programmed route) and speed computations.
These are the most preferable modes, as the FMS will take care about energy management & constraints.
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Pull the knob towards you to take control (selected).
- Selected SPD/HDG: The autopilot will NOT follow FMS indications.
- Open CLB/DES: The autopilot will take you straight to the desired altitud, adjusting rate depending on your speed (*), and will not follow altitude constraints.
- Vertical Speed mode: fine tunning for the climb/descent rate.
We will use OP CLB/DES when "we are not following the green line on the ND", or in other words, Vectors from ATC.
V/S Mode is the least preferable mode, since we have to be very careful with overspeed/stall. Note that sometimes we will have to use it (ATC asks for a descend rate)
Block time: time from chocks out to chocks in.
Taxi in/out: time taxiing.
Airborne time: time from takeoff to landing (remember to start chrono on takeoff).
TA: QNH -> STD
TL: STD -> QNH
MSA (Minimum Safe Altitude), MDA (Minimum Descent Altitude), DA (Decision Altitude), DH (Decision Height)
HDG vs TRK: Track is the "line" connecting point A to B on the ground. Heading is that same line with wind compensation.